Mitsubishi Galant

1990-2001 of release

Repair and car operation

Operation receptions

By transportation cargoes in the car it is necessary to consider, that the full weight of the car should not exceed the maximum admissible value. The full weight of the car includes: the equipped weight of the car, weight of the driver and passengers, weight of the hook-on device established on the car, and also weight of the trailer falling to it. At any variants of loading of the car of loading on an axis also should not exceed limiting admissible values. The information on the maximum admissible values of full weight and axial loadings is resulted in Specifications.

Transportation of cargoes in car salon

Reliably fix all placed in salon of the car subjects, in order to avoid their displacement in case of road and transport incident.

Do not place large-sized subjects on a back shelf of salon, - they narrow to the driver sector of the review and can be dumped forward at collision and sharp braking.

Be convinced of that the subjects laid on a floor behind forward seats, cannot be rolled forward and under no circumstances are not capable to prevent to manipulate freely to the driver management pedals, and also cannot break correctness of adjustment of position of forward seats.

Hold a ware box during movement by the closed.

Transportation of cargoes in a luggage space or on a luggage carrier established on a roof of the car

Try to distribute cargo in regular intervals, placing luggage probably is closer to seats. Heavy cargoes always should settle down from below, on a luggage space floor. Reliably fix transported subjects a strong cord that they could not be displaced on the move the car. Never stack luggage above level of backs of forward seats.

By transportation large-sized or lengthy subjects at the combined back seats, try to fix reliably their strong cord to prevent displacement of cargo during emergency braking of the car. Do not stack luggage above level of backs of seats in order to avoid reduction of sector of the review to the driver.

The description of operations of folding of backs of back seats and their installation in the initial is resulted in Section of the Seat and the device of maintenance of safety.

In need of transportation of the lengthy subjects, not allowing to close a door of a back/cover of a luggage space, remember, that the fulfilled gases of the engine can get to car salon, - carry out corresponding safety measures (the Section of the Seat and the device of maintenance of safety see).

At cargo placing on a luggage carrier established on a roof of the car, track, that the cumulative weight of luggage did not exceed admissible value. For reception of more detailed information address on company Mitsubishi car repair shop.

Engine start

Cock a lay brake.

At low temperature of air switch off all auxiliary consumers of electric energy to reduce loading by the storage battery.

On equipped РКПП models squeeze out a coupling pedal against the stop and include neutral transfer.

On models with АТ make sure, that the selector lever is established in position “Р” or “N” and squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake.

Not squeezing out a gas pedal, turn a key in the ignition lock in position “START” (III) and include a starter. If the engine was not started at once, continue to scroll a cranked shaft a starter, remembering, that duration of continuous functioning of a starter should not exceed 15 seconds. Repeated attempt of start should be made after not less than ten seconds, - the pause is necessary for cooling of the electromotor of a starter.

If the engine does not manage to be started at continuous work of a starter within 15 seconds, or the started engine at once глохнет, try to execute start at the pedal of gas squeezed out to a half. After successful start of the engine release a gas pedal to avoid sharp increase of turns.

If to start the engine still it is not possible, completely squeeze out a pedal of gas and keep it in the pressed position during all time of functioning of a starter, is will help to remove the superfluous fuel which has got to the inlet pipeline and cylinders of the engine. Duration of continuous work of a starter, as well as in the previous cases, should not exceed 15 seconds. If the engine is not started after a purge of cylinders, once again try to start it at partially squeezed out pedal of gas. Right after start realisation release a pedal

Features of start of the engine in cold weather in the conditions of high mountains (height above sea level more than 2400)

At low temperature of air engine start is at a loss. In the conditions of high mountains where air is strongly discharged, engine start becomes complicated in addition. Instructions which is necessary for following at engine start in considered conditions are more low resulted.

Switch off all auxiliary consumers of electric energy to reduce loading by the storage battery.

Squeeze out to half pedal of gas and keep it in this position during all time прокручивания a cranked shaft of the engine a starter. Duration of continuous inclusion of a starter should not exceed 15 seconds. After realisation of successful start of the engine gradually release a gas pedal, not supposing substantial increase of turns.

If the engine is not started, squeeze out a gas pedal against the stop and keep it in the pressed position during all time of functioning of a starter. Duration of continuous work of a starter, as well as in the previous case, should not exceed 15 seconds. If the engine still is not started, repeat attempt.

At negative temperature of air or if the car was not used within several days, allow to the engine to get warm during 3 ч 4 minutes, only after that begin movement.

Features of driving of the car from a manual check point

The general information

Include backing transfer only after a full stop of the car. Attempt include a backspacing on the move can to lead to serious damage of a transmission. Before reverse gear inclusion completely switch off coupling and sustain short (in some seconds) a pause.

For car delay it is possible to take advantage of braking by the engine, having switched a transmission on one of the lowered steps. Braking by the engine allows to supervise speed of movement of the car at safe level and prevents an overheat of brake mechanisms at movement on long descents with a considerable bias. Switch a transmission to the lowered steps consistently, in process of decrease in speed not to admit excess of as much as possible admissible frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine on a tachometre. The arrow of a tachometre should not come into a red zone of a scale. In all cases it is necessary to be guided by values of the maximum admissible speed of the car on corresponding transfers (see more low).

The recommended moments of a gear change

Try to move on as much as possible high transfer providing in concrete road conditions normal functioning of the engine at uniform movement and possibility of smooth dispersal of the car. Following of this recommendation will provide high profitability of the car and effective work of system of neutralisation of the fulfilled gases. At gear changes be guided by the data resulted in Specifications.

As much as possible admissible speeds of movement of the car on various transfers

In Specifications the maximum admissible speeds of movement of the car on various transfers are resulted. At excess of the specified values of speed, the marksman of a tachometre will come into a red zone of a scale, specifying on it is inadmissible high frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine. Thus the electronic block of a control system starts to limit to the engine turns of a cranked shaft, reducing fuel giving that it is possible to feel it on power setting change. Engine work is normalised, as soon as the arrow of a tachometre leaves a red zone of a scale.

In order to avoid engine breakage before transfer switching, be convinced that the arrow of a tachometre does not exceed as much as possible admissible speed of movement on the given transfer and is not in a red zone of a scale.

Features of driving of the car with automatic transmission

On cars the four-stage hydromechanical automatic transmission with the blocked hydrotransformer and an elektronno-hydraulic control system is established. The control system of a transmission provides timely and smooth switching of all steps of a forward course. Hydrotransformer blocking improves fuel profitability of the car. On subjective sensations inclusion of a blocking friction clutch of the hydrotransformer similar on usual switching of a step of a transmission.

Transmission is equipped by the electronic control system providing an optimum gear change, answering to any conditions of movement and a condition of a road covering.

At car movement uphill possibility of switching of transmission on higher transfer is automatically blocked, if the management block defines, that the power unit will not provide the further advancement of the car with former speed.

On abrupt descents the management block can automatically switch transmission to lower transfer that raises efficiency of braking of a vehicle the engine and reduces intensity of deterioration of brake mechanisms.

Indicators of position of the selector of a gear change

The blinking of a control lamp of neutral position of transmission (N) testifies to malfunction АТ.

The blinking of control lamp N with high frequency at established in position “D”, “3”, “2” or “L” the selector lever speaks about overheat ATF. The car should be parked in a safe place, not suppressing the engine to translate transmission in position “Р”, then to open a cowl and to allow to the engine to work during some time for single turns. If after performance of the given procedure transfer of the lever in one of the stipulated positions by operation of control lamp N is not accompanied, it is possible to continue movement, otherwise the car it is necessary to drive away on the nearest car repair shop of company Mitsubishi for the purpose of check of condition АТ.

Instructions for use the lever of the selector of ranges

The general information

The lever of the selector of ranges of transmission can be in one of seven fixed positions. At start of the engine the lever should be only in position “P” or “N”. If the car stop is made, when in an automatic transmission one of movement ranges “D” is included, “3”, “2”, “L”, “R”, or “N” it is necessary to release completely a pedal gas and to squeeze out a brake pedal for reliable braking of the car.

From above on the handle the blocking button is located, allowing to avoid casual transfer of the lever in inadmissible position. Instructions for use are shown by the blocking button on an illustration. While translating the lever of the selector of position “N” in any of movement positions necessarily squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake.

White arrows designate switchings demanding нажимания buttons блокиратора
Black arrows designate the switchings which are not demanding нажимания the button блокиратора

Lever positions

Position “Р”. In this position of the lever of the selector of ranges the secondary shaft of transmission is mechanically blocked. Always translate the lever of the selector of ranges in position “Р” at deenergizing or engine start. To deduce the lever of the selector of ranges from position “Р”, it is necessary to squeeze out a brake pedal, preliminary having released a gas pedal. Reject the lever of the selector of ranges to the right and deduce it from position “Р”.

If after performance of all listed above actions still it is not possible to deduce the lever from position “Р”, it is necessary to unblock it (see more low).

In order to avoid breakage АТ translate the lever in position “Р” only after a full stop of the car.

Position “R”. Receptions of management by the lever of the selector of ranges while translating it in position “R” (Backing) from position “Р” are described above. Lever inclusion in position “R” from position “N” (Neutral) make only after a full stop of the car.

Automatic transmission is equipped by a special safety device which does not allow to move casually the lever to position “R” if speed of the car exceeds value 10 ч 12 km/h.

If the backing does not join after a full stop of the car, squeeze out a brake pedal and slowly move the lever of the selector of ranges at first to position “N”, then in position “R”.

At malfunction of a safety device, and also at disconnected from an onboard network or the discharged storage battery to include a backing range it is impossible. In this case it is necessary to remove blocking of inclusion of a range of a backing (see more low).

Position “N”. Use position “N” (Neutral) at start of the decayed engine on the move the car and at short stops of the car with working engine. If for any reason it is necessary for you to depart from the car, preliminary translate the lever of the selector of ranges in position “Р” (Parking). At a conclusion of the lever of position “N” squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake.

Position “D”. The given position is used in most cases at movement in conditions of not loaded city cycle and at movement on highways. In the given position by transmission the full range of forward transfers is used, in corresponding situations the mode of braking by the engine automatically joins.

Position “3”. While translating the lever of the selector of ranges in position “3”, the automatic transmission functions to a similar case of inclusion of a range “D”. Difference consists that transition to the fourth transfer is excluded. The range “D3” is recommended to be used at trailer towage in hilly district or for realisation of braking by the engine on descent of a considerable steepness. Inclusion of a range “3” is useful also for an exception of superfluous cyclic switchings of automatic transmission between the third and fourth transfers. Similar cyclic switchings of a transmission can be observed, for example, at movement in a dense transport stream with frequent delays and car stops.

For sharp dispersal of the car at transmission work in a range “D” or “3” squeeze out a gas pedal against the stop. Thus the transmission will automatically pass to adjacent lowest transfer. If speed of the car is insignificant, the transmission can be switched at once on two steps downwards.

Position “2”. At inclusion of a range “2” automatic transmission will constantly work on the second transfer. At a stop of the car the transmission does not pass to the first transfer. Constant inclusion of the second transfer provides good traction dynamics of the car on liftings and possibility of intensive braking with the engine on abrupt descents. The range “2” is recommended to be included at the movement beginning on a slippery road covering, and also at movement on deep snow. It helps to prevent strong proslipping of driving wheels of the car.

At inclusion of a range “2” on the move the car inclusion of the second transfer to transmissions automatically is late and occurs only after speed of the car will decrease to safe level on which frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine will not exceed as much as possible admissible value.

Position “1”. At inclusion of a range “1” automatic transmission will constantly work on the first transfer. If inclusion of a range “1” is made for the speed more than 50 km/h transmission at first will be switched to the second transfer. Inclusion of an intermediate step allows to exclude sharp and unexpected braking by the engine.

The switch of modes of functioning АТ

Used on considered models of cars Mitsubishi automatic transmissions have two modes of functioning: “AUTO” and “HOLD”. First of which is the core and joins by default. For mode inclusion “HOLD” it is necessary to press the special button located to the right of the lever of the selector. Return to position “AUTO” is made by repeated pressing of the same button.

The mode “AUTO” is intended for usual conditions of operation of a vehicle. In this mode the car moves in an economic mode at moderate squeezing of a pedal of gas and is translated in a mode of the raised capacity at full squeezing of a pedal.

The mode “HOLD” should be chosen for realisation smooth трогания the car at the movement beginning on a slippery road covering. Thus, if to begin movement with lever transfer in the position which is distinct from position “L”, the second transfer at once joins. On reaching speed of movement in 30 ч 60 km/h (19 ч 37 miles/ch), will occur transition of transmission to the maximum transfer for the chosen range that allows to use the selector lever in a mode of imitation РКПП, with that only a difference, that at full squeezing of a pedal of gas transmission will automatically be switched to lower transfer (kickdown).

The maximum admissible speeds of movement of the car in various ranges of transfers

In Specifications the maximum admissible speeds of movement of the car are resulted at inclusion of various ranges of an automatic transmission. At excess of the values stipulated in Specifications, the arrow of a tachometre comes into a red zone of a scale, specifying on excess of admissible turns of the engine. Thus the electronic block of a control system starts to limit to the engine turns of a cranked shaft, reducing fuel giving that it is possible to feel on power setting change. Engine work settles into shape, as soon as the arrow of a tachometre leaves a red zone of a scale.

In order to avoid engine breakage before transfer switching, be convinced that the arrow of a tachometre does not come for value of as much as possible admissible speed of movement on the given transfer and is not in a red zone of a scale.

Overtaking

During overtaking fulfilment, at squeezing of a pedal of gas to a floor occurs automatic switching of transmission on the nearest to chosen at the moment subordinate transfer (with 4th on 3rd, with 3rd on 2nd, with 2nd on 1st), - necessity for any switchings of the lever of the selector thus is absent.

Short-term stop

At short-term stops, - for example on a traffic light, - it is possible to leave transmission on transfer, keeping the car brakes.

At longer stops with working engine it is necessary to translate the selector lever in position “N”, - before the beginning of movement do not forget to translate the lever in position “D”.

At a short-term stop on a bias going uphill it is not necessary to keep the car motionlessly by means of an accelerator, - use a foot or lay brake.

During braking avoid squeezing of a pedal of gas, - if the selector lever is not translated in position “N” or “Р”, it can lead to unexpected acceleration.

Control system of speed (темпостат)

The general information

The control system of speed (темпостат) enters into a standard complete set of some models, on others can be established in addition. The system allows to support automatically the chosen cruiser speed of movement of the car without influence on a gas pedal. Cruiser speed should not exceed value of 40 km/h. Application темпостата becomes especially convenient at long movement on малозагруженным to direct country highways. For the purpose of safety it is not recommended to include темпостат at movement in a city, on twisting, abounding with turns, to roads, on a slippery road covering, in a strong rain or under other adverse weather conditions. In the cases listed above the driver should have possibility completely to supervise a mode of movement of the car.

Management of functioning темпостата

On the models equipped АТ it is necessary to translate preliminary the lever of the selector of transfers to position D.

Include темпостат, having pressed the button of its main switch of the lever (see above) - on the panel of devices the corresponding control lamp should light up.

Disperse the car till the demanded cruiser speed which value should not be less than 40 km/h.

Cancellation of the entered installation of cruiser speed of movement of the car can be made unitary procrastination of the lever of the switch темпостата in a direction “CANCEL”, squeezing of a pedal of a foot brake, or squeezing of a pedal of coupling (model with РКПП). At decrease in speed of movement of the car below value of 40 km/h, or more than on 16 km/h below the chosen value also there will be an automatic dump of installation темпостата.

For system return to the value established earlier after dump of installations темпостата as a result of braking or coupling squeezing wring out the switch lever upwards (“ACC/RES). Told does not concern a case when installation dump has occurred as a result of falling of speed below value of 40 km/h.

Deenergizing темпостата is made by means of key OFF framing the button of the main switch.

Trouble signalling темпостата

If the control lamp темпостата starts to blink at use of a control system by speed, switch off темпостат, then again it include by means of the button of the main switch. If at repeated inclusion of system the control lamp continues to function in a flashing mode, will join and at once will go out, or will not join at all, the car should be driven away on a car repair shop for detailed diagnostics of a condition темпостата.

Braking

The principle of action and design of components of brake system are in detail considered in the Head Brake system of the present Management.

All components of brake system have the major value from the point of view of maintenance of safety of driving. Regularly, according to the Schedule (see the Head of Adjustment and routine maintenance), carry out procedures of maintenance service of a vehicle. Try to use only services of firm car repair shops of company Mitsubishi. The first 200 km (125 miles) run after replacement brake колодок try to avoid sharp braking whenever possible.

At movement under a bias, in order to avoid an overheat of brake mechanisms, try to carry out braking of the car by the engine, including for this purpose a hill-climbing gear.

After a strong rain or overcoming of water barriers before to begin movement on full speed, check up efficiency of functioning of brake mechanisms, - become wet колодки and disks can be quickly dried during several braking at movement with small speed.

Recommendations about security measures at operation of the models equipped ABS

ABS does not reduce a brake way of the car and it is capable to provide only preservation of controllability of the car in the course of braking. In view of told it is necessary to support constantly a safe distance to ahead going vehicle, proceeding from speed of the car and concrete conditions of movement.

ABS does not prevent lateral юз at sharp change of a direction of movement of the car. For example, the car can enter into drift at turn passage on too high speed or at jerk of a wheel during lane change. Always support safe speed of a vehicle, being conformed with a condition of a road covering and movement conditions.
ABS does not prevent loss of course stability of the car. In the course of emergency braking avoid sharp jerks of a steering wheel.

The brake way equipped ABS the car can exceed a little habitual for models with usual brake system. Told especially considerably at movement on fragile and rough road coverings (gravel, snow). At movement in similar road conditions lower speed and increase a distance to ahead going vehicle.

Control lamp of infringements of functioning ABS

The self-diagnostics block is included in structure of system of antiblocking. Outwardly procedure of self-diagnostics of system is shown by small pulsations of a foot brake right after engine start. Problem diagnostics ABS is made also at each braking of the car.

Joint inclusion of control lamps ABS and refusals of brake system/raising of a lay brake also means switching-off of function of regulation of brake effort that specifies in presence of malfunctions both in ABS, and in brake system. Thus the brake system of the car will continue to provide adequate enough braking of the car, however it is necessary to avoid sharp squeezing of a pedal of a foot brake. Immediately address on the nearest car repair shop.

Car parking

Leaving the car on parking, always cock a lay brake. Remember that the control lamp of inclusion of a lay brake built in in an instrument guard, serves only for a reminder to the driver about necessity отпускания a lay brake before the movement beginning. Burning of a control lamp does not guarantee completeness of raising of a lay brake. In order to avoid spontaneous скатывания the car on a bias be convinced that the lay brake is cocked properly.

On models with АТ before to translate the selector lever in position “Р”, it is necessary to cock a lay brake. Such sequence of actions prevents casual трогание the car and excludes transfer of considerable loading on the mechanism of blocking of a secondary shaft of transmission from скатывающей the force car. Unloading муфты blocking of a secondary shaft of transmission provides at the subsequent трогании the car simplicity of a conclusion of the lever from position “Р”.

At a car parking on lifting, develop forward wheels aside from a border, and on the contrary.

Before the movement beginning, be convinced that the lay brake is completely released. At movement with not completely released lay brake it is possible having overheated and failure of brake mechanisms of back wheels. Besides, it can lead to infringement of serviceability of functioning ABS.

Recommendations about a safe parking of the car

Track, that the top hatch in a roof and all windows have been closed.

Switch off all devices of illumination.

Put luggage and valuable things in closed branches, or grasp them with itself.

Lock locks of doors by means of a key or a remote control the uniform lock.

On the models equipped with anticreeping system, make sure of operation of the indicator of system on the instrument panel, testifying to device activation.

Never leave the car with working engine on the platforms covered with dry foliage, a high grass or other combustible materials. Remember that the case каталитического the converter can be heated to very heat that is fraught with ignition.

Recommendations about car driving in adverse weather conditions

Антипробуксовочная system (tracking-control)

The complete set of some models can include антипробуксовочная system (TCL), allowing to get under way from a place more confidently, to be dispersed on a slippery road covering, besides, TCL provides sufficient traction effort at performance of turns on the raised speed. The system automatically limits capacity developed by the engine as soon as one of driving wheels loses coupling with a road covering and starts to revolve. To feel operation антипробуксовочной systems it is possible on steering wheel reaction.

The system is equipped by the self-diagnostics device, providing operation of control lamp TCL-OFF in case of revealing of refusals, - the lamp starts to burn continuously, or to blink. In a similar situation it is necessary to park the car in a safe place and to muffle the engine. If after engine restart the control lamp does not go out, the car should be driven away on car repair shop Mitsubishi for revealing of causes of a failure.

It is necessary to notice, that at departure from a dirt or friable snow functioning антипробуксовочной systems can lead to refusal of increase in turns of the engine at squeezing of a pedal of gas. Deenergizing TCL is made, besides, by means of switch TCL, - on an instrument guard control lamp TCL-OFF will light up.

Features of a driving in adverse road conditions

The driving during a rain, in a strong fog or a snowfall demands from the driver of special skills, in view of decrease in coupling of wheels with a road covering and visibility deterioration. Constantly support the car in technically serviceable condition. At fulfilment of trips to bad weather observe extra care. Avoid use темпостата (at a corresponding complete set of the car) in adverse weather conditions.

Lower speed and move more slowly, than usually in normal weather conditions on a dry road covering. Remember that reactions of the car to management will be more languid and slowed down even if the road covering looks only slightly damp. Try to influence all controls of the car smoothly. On a wet and slippery road covering sharp jerk of a steering wheel or careless squeezing of a brake pedal can lead to control loss over management. In the trip beginning, still completely not having adapted for adverse weather conditions, show the raised care. This rule is especially useful for observing at movement during a snowfall. It is necessary to remember, that at car operation in a warm season many useful skills of driving of the car on a slippery road covering are forgotten, that demands some time for their restoration.

Extra care show, operating the car during a rain as absence of practice during the dry period does not allow to be reconstructed and adapt a bridle manner for new conditions quickly.

The review

For safety of traffic in any weather conditions it is very important to have the good review in all directions. It is not necessary to forget to take care also that your car remained to well appreciable drivers of other vehicles, - remember, that at movement on трасе passing light inclusion never will prevent even in the daytime. These requirements are more difficult for executing in adverse weather conditions.

Regularly check a condition of brushes of screen wipers and snuffled windscreen washers. Constantly support demanded level of a liquid in the tank of a washing liquid. Use for refuelling of system of washing of glasses only the liquids, recommended marks. Watch a condition of working elements of screen wipers, make their replacement as soon as brushes cease to clear glass properly. For prevention of condensation of a moisture on an internal surface of glasses use having blown in glasses air, in case of need include air conditioner.

Coupling of tyres with a road covering

Regularly supervise pressure of air in tyres and degree of a deterioration of protectors of tyres (depth of a pattern). Both these of the factor are extremely important from the point of view of good coupling of tyres with a road covering and prevention of the phenomenon of hydroplaning, that is sharp reduction of coupling with road at entrance to pools. For maintenance of the best controllability with the car and traffic safety at approach of a winter season use шипованную rubber.

During movement constantly observe of changes of road conditions which frequently appear very astable. Presence on road of wet foliage can be not dangerous, than a glaze ice. Often in appearance the pure and dry road covering can обледеневать separate sites. Especially dangerous conditions develop at air temperatures nearby 0°С when pools can alternate with наледью, that does behaviour of the car especially unpredictable.

Be cautious at switching of an automatic transmission in the lowered range. On a slippery covering sharp inclusion of a hill-climbing gear can lead to short-term proslipping of driving wheels and car drift

Extra care and attention are required from the driver at fulfilment of overtakings. Equally it is necessary to observe attentiveness, at overtaking of your car by other vehicles. Splashes of water and a dirt from under wheels of an overtaken lorry can sharply worsen visibility through a windscreen. The impulse of a lateral wind during fulfilment of overtaking of the lorry or the bus is dangerous control loss over management.

Trailer towage

Models of cars considered in the present Management first of all are, of course, passenger and are intended for transportation of people and their luggage. However, at obligatory observance of some the general rules which are resulted more low, cars Mitsubishi can be used also with success for trailer towage.

The full weight of the trailer including its own weight and weight of cargo placed in it, should not exceed limiting admissible weight of the towed trailer. The limiting admissible weight of the trailer depends on that, it is equipped by brake mechanisms, or not.

The maximum vertical loading on the hook-on device of the car at full weight of the trailer should not exceed 50 кГс. For trailers with full weight to 500 kg it is necessary to adhere to a following rule: vertical loading on a turnbuckle should make approximately 10 % from full weight of the trailer. For example, if the full weight of the trailer with cargo is equal 225 kg, vertical loading on the hook-on device should make nearby 22.5 кГс. Adjust loading on a car turnbuckle, in appropriate way placing cargo on the trailer. To begin with it is recommended to place cargo so that approximately 60 % of its weight were ahead of a trailer axis, and 40 % - behind. If the full weight of the trailer exceeds 500 kg, try to distribute cargo on length of the trailer in regular more intervals. Never load the trailer so that the back part of the trailer outweighed a lobby, is leads to unloading of back wheels of the car that worsens coupling of tyres with a road covering.

Full weights of the car and the towed trailer should not exceed corresponding maximum admissible values.

The most reliable way of check of correctness of loading of the car and the trailer is weighing. Load the car and the trailer how they are usually maintained as a part of the lorry convoy, and weigh them on cargo scales. Define values of full weights of the car and the trailer, and also the weights falling to axes of the car and the trailer. Compare results of measurements to requirements of Specifications.

The hook-on device

The hook-on device should fasten in the several specially provided points on the basis of a car body that loadings from the towed trailer were distributed in regular more intervals and fell to elements of strengthening of a body. It is forbidden to mount the hook-on devices leaning only on a back bumper which is not intended for perception of similar loadings on the car. Turnbuckle installation should be made car-care centre qualified personnel.

Data in the table are resulted in mm.

Rear-view mirrors

Towage of the large-sized trailer (type "Caravan") usually demands installation on the car of additional rear-view mirrors with the extended arms. Specify requirements of the local legislation and the traffic Rules, concerning towages of trailers by cars. Attach the trailer to the car and estimate degree of deterioration of the back review through standard rear-view mirrors. If the review unsatisfactory from safety reasons it is necessary to equip the special mirrors, providing to the driver the adequate review of space behind the car.

Joining of the trailer to the car

If you are going to get the trailer equipped with brake mechanisms, be convinced that they have an electric drive of management, - the design of a hydraulic drive of working brake system of your car does not provide connection possibility to it of any additional contours, in particular, for actuating of brake mechanisms of the trailer. Any way of joining to a brake hydrodrive of the car of brake system of the trailer, what attractive it would not seem, will lead to deterioration of efficiency of braking of the car and traffic safety decrease.

Attaching the trailer to the car, always use a safety chain. The ends of a safety chain should be reliably fixed to corresponding places on дышле the trailer and on the hook-on device of the car. Track, that the chain passed under дышлом the trailer, is will prevent falling of the forward end дышла on road to a case рассоединения сцепки. The free length of a chain should be sufficient not to stir to fulfilment of turns of the lorry convoy with the minimum radiuses, however, it is not necessary to suppose chain drawings by the ground.

Devices of external illumination and the alarm system on the trailer

As on trailers of various marks the various lining of electroconducting can be used, it is necessary to charge the turnbuckle equipment to experts of car-care centre. In some cases installation of a transitive nozzle (adapter) can be demanded.

Before connecting a trailer electric equipment to the car electric system, necessarily consult on a car repair shop.

Preparation for trailer towage

Before the movement beginning it is necessary to make control survey and car and trailer check.

Measure the vertical loading falling to the hook-on device, - take advantage of usual floor scales.

Check up reliability of fastening дышла the trailer and a safety chain.

Check up a technical condition of tyres and pressure of air in tyres on the car and the trailer. The lowered pressure of air in tyres considerably worsens controllability of the car and the lorry convoy. At the same time check a condition and pressure of air in a spare wheel.

Completely having loaded and having attached the trailer to the car, make sure of absence excessive “проседания” a back part of the car, - in case of need cargo in the car/trailer.

Check up serviceability of functioning of devices of external illumination and the alarm system on the car and the trailer.

Specify operating restrictions ПДД on the maximum speed of movement of the lorry convoy as a part of the car and the trailer. Planning to make a trip on the several countries, in advance familiarise with features of local requirements and the restrictions, concerning towages of the trailer by the car as in each country the restrictions can operate.

Security measures at trailer towage

It is necessary to consider, that a brake way of the car towing the trailer, increases. Therefore, moving with the trailer, you should support the increased distance to ahead going car. Try to avoid sharp braking and turns. It can lead to folding of the lorry convoy or even переворачиванию the trailer.

Remember that the length of the lorry convoy considerably exceeds length of the single car. At turn to the right leave between edge of a carriageway and wheels of the right board of the car considerably большее distance, than usually to avoid arrival by trailer wheels on a border. Consider, that at turn of the lorry convoy the trailer moves on an arch of smaller radius, than the car, and can drive or face an obstacle which the car freely passed. At overtaking of other vehicle do not hurry up to come back in the number as it can lead to collision of the overtaken car with the trailer.

The lorry convoy, in comparison with the single car, is more sensitive to action of impulses of a lateral wind and aerodynamic indignations from other cars. If you on the big speed are overtaken by the heavy lorry or the lorry convoy, try to support rectilinear and uniform movement of the car. To reduce the aerodynamic indignations operating on the lorry convoy from ahead going car, lower speed to leave a turbulent stream.

At towage of the trailer loading on all basic units and car systems increases. Therefore at frequent use of the car for trailer towage it is necessary to spend periodic maintenance service of the car according to regulations, characteristic for intense conditions of operation (see the Head of Adjustment and routine maintenance).

Additional loading on the car even more increases at lorry convoy operation in hilly district. At overcoming of long liftings watch closely a temperature mode of the engine on стрелочному to the index on a control panel. At approach of an arrow of the index to an overheat zone, switch off air conditioner (if it is equipped and included) and continue movement. If the temperature of a cooling liquid of the engine does not decrease, or continues to raise, stop on a roadside of road and allow to the engine to cool down.

At movement in hilly or a hilly terrain cyclic switching of the third and fourth transfers of automatic transmission can be observed. In this case it is necessary to pass in the lowered range “D3”, that will prevent an overheat and excessive deterioration of details of frictional elements АТ. In order to avoid an overheat of brake mechanisms at movement on long descents use braking by the engine. For effective braking by the engine include the lowered range or one of the lowest steps of an automatic transmission.

At a lorry convoy stop on lifting do not keep it on a place by pressing педели gas, is can lead to overheat АТ. Use working brake system, or a lay brake.

At management of automatic transmission in a manual mode use the third, second and first transfers, being conformed with speed of movement of the car and road conditions. Towing the trailer, do not include the fourth transfer. In Specifications recommended high-speed ranges for use of various steps of a transmission are resulted.

Запарковывая the lorry convoy on long parking, especially on descent or lifting, accept all safety measures for reliable braking of the car and the trailer. Turn forward wheels of the car so that at скатывании lorry convoys they have rested in бордюрный a stone. Completely cock a lay brake and translate the lever of the selector of ranges in position “Р”. On equipped РКПП models include the first, or a reverse gear. In addition enclose under both wheels of the trailer противооткатные boots.

Management of the lorry convoy at movement by a backing represents certain difficulties and demands from the driver of special skills and training. Move a backing cautiously and slowly, do not rotate unduly quickly a steering wheel. At maneuvering by a backing in the constrained conditions it is useful, that someone, standing outside, watched movings of the trailer and directed your actions. Keep in mind, that at steering wheel rotation clockwise (to the right) the trailer moves to the left, and on the contrary. At maneuvering of the lorry convoy by a backing it is recommended to keep for a steering wheel rim from below (instead of from above, as usually, at movement by a forward course). At such хвате habitual conformity between a direction of turn of a steering wheel and trailer movement remains: hand displacement to the left leads to trailer turn also to the left and on the contrary.